COLORECTAL ONCOLOGY · CONDITION GUIDE
Colon Cancer
Malignancy of the large intestine requiring surgical resection as the primary curative treatment — supported by chemotherapy and targeted therapy for advanced disease.
ABOUT THIS CONDITION
What is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. It typically arises from adenomatous polyps in the large intestine and may present with change in bowel habit, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or anaemia. Early-stage colon cancer is highly curable with surgical resection, and laparoscopic colectomy is the standard of care for resectable disease. Dr. Tagore Mohan Grandhi performs laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer at Lux Hospitals, Hyderabad, as part of a multidisciplinary oncological team. The appropriate extent of resection is determined by tumour location and stage, with primary anastomosis restoring bowel continuity in most cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for stage III disease and selected stage II cases.
SIGNS TO WATCH
Common Symptoms
Symptoms that need attention
WHY IT HAPPENS
Causes & Risk Factors
- Progression of adenomatous polyps to invasive cancer
- Family history of colorectal cancer or hereditary syndromes (FAP, Lynch syndrome)
- Long-standing ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
- Diet high in red and processed meat, low in fibre
- Obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and excess alcohol
- Advanced age — risk increases significantly after 50
CLINICAL DETAILS
KeyFacts
Stages I–IV; laparoscopic resection for stages I–III
Right, left, or sigmoid colectomy based on tumour location
Over 90% at 5 years for stage I disease
Chemotherapy recommended for stage III and selected stage II
Enhanced recovery; return to activity in 4–6 weeks
Available at Lux Hospitals, Hitech City, Hyderabad
HOW WE TREAT IT
Treatment Approach
Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer
Laparoscopic colectomy achieves the same oncological outcomes as open surgery with the added benefits of smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Dr. Grandhi performs laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, and sigmoid colectomy with complete mesocolic excision (CME) to ensure optimal lymph node harvest and oncological clearance.
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Staging & MDT Planning
CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis stages the disease. Colonoscopy confirms and marks the tumour. The multidisciplinary team determines the extent of resection and whether neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy is required.
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Surgical Planning
The appropriate colectomy (right, transverse, left, or sigmoid) is selected based on tumour location. Complete mesocolic excision principles guide dissection to maximise lymph node yield.
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Laparoscopic Colectomy
The affected colon segment with its mesentery and lymph nodes is resected laparoscopically. Primary anastomosis restores bowel continuity. A defunctioning stoma is formed where anastomotic risk is high.
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Post-operative Oncology Follow-up
Enhanced recovery with early discharge. Adjuvant chemotherapy is initiated 4–6 weeks post-operatively for indicated cases. Surveillance colonoscopy and CT at regular intervals monitor for recurrence.
AVAILABLE TREATMENTS
TreatmentOptions
Partial Colectomy
Laparoscopic resection of the affected colon segment with en-bloc mesentery and lymph nodes. Extent determined by tumour location — right, transverse, left, or sigmoid colectomy.
Primary Bowel Resection
Resection with immediate anastomosis restoring bowel continuity, performed in the majority of elective colon cancer operations.
Bowel Resection with Colostomy
Resection with formation of end colostomy (Hartmann’s procedure) for obstructed, perforated, or haemodynamically unstable presentations.
Chemotherapy
drugs are used in chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells. For Colon cancer, chemotherapy is usually given before or after surgery, depending on the size of cancer.
Radiation therapy
Radiation remedy makes use of powerful, effective energy resources, comprising X-rays and protons, to kill cancer cells.
COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
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